---
title: Europe and Asia are one landmass, often called Eurasia, and the usua… — Continents and oceans · tree and pragmatics
description: Europe and Asia are one landmass, often called Eurasia, and the usual boundary follows the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus, the Black Sea and the Bosporus, a narrow strait; the city of Istanbul lies on both sides of it, partly in Europe and partly in Asia. Who acts: Eur
---

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# Continents and oceans, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Europe and Asia are one landmass, often called Eurasia, and the usual boundary follows the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus, the Black Sea and the Bosporus, a narrow strait; the city of Istanbul lies on both sides of it, partly in Europe and partly in Asia.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Europe, usual boundary, city · **What happens:** be, call, follow, lie · **To what, where:** one landmass, Ural Mountains, sides · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Continents and oceans» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Europe, usual boundary, city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:005-continents-and-oceans.lesson:8
# text = Europe and Asia are one landmass, often called Eurasia, and the usual boundary follows the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus, the Black Sea and the Bosporus, a narrow strait; the city of Istanbul lies on both sides of it, partly in Europe and partly in Asia.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 005-continents-and-oceans.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2
1	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	landmass	landmass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
10	Eurasia	Eurasia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	boundary	boundary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	Ural	Ural	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	Mountains	Mountain	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:appos
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	Ural	Ural	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:obj
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	Caspian	Caspian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	Caucasus	Caucasus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	Black	Black	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	amod	_	_
34	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	Bosporus	Bosporus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	strait	strait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
42	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	47	punct	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nsubj	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	Istanbul	Istanbul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
47	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=16:conj
48	on	on	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	50	det	_	_
50	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obl	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	nmod	_	_
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
54	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	56	advmod	_	_
55	in	in	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
56	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	_
57	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	60	cc	_	_
58	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	60	advmod	_	_
59	in	in	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
60	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	56	conj	_	_
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Europe and Asia | one landmass |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | one landmass *not said here* |  |  |  | often *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **follow** | present | the usual boundary | the Ural Mountains and the Ural River and the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus and the Black Sea and the Bosporus |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mountain=Theme |
| 4 | **lie** | present | the city of Istanbul |  |  | both sides of boundary |  | in Europe and Asia | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on side=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:005-continents-and-oceans.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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