---
title: Africa is the second largest continent, with about a fifth of the wo… — Continents and oceans · tree and pragmatics
description: Africa is the second largest continent, with about a fifth of the world's land, and it lies on both sides of the equator. Who acts: Africa, land. A sentence of the lesson «Continents and oceans» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Continents and oceans, sentence 9

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Africa is the second largest continent, with about a fifth of the world's land, and it lies on both sides of the equator.

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**Who acts:** Africa, land · **What happens:** be, lie · **To what, where:** second largest continent, sides

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Continents and oceans» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Africa, land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:005-continents-and-oceans.lesson:9
# text = Africa is the second largest continent, with about a fifth of the world's land, and it lies on both sides of the equator.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 005-continents-and-oceans.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1
1	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
5	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	continent	continent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	about	about	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fifth	fifth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=6:cc
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	23	det	_	_
23	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	equator	equator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Africa | the second largest continent |  |  |  | with a fifth of the world's land | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie** | present | land |  |  | both sides of the equator |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on side=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:005-continents-and-oceans.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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