---
title: Geologists identify minerals by hardness, colour, lustre (shine), st… — Minerals and crystals · tree and pragmatics
description: Geologists identify minerals by hardness, colour, lustre (shine), streak and how they break. Who acts: Geologists, minerals. A sentence of the lesson «Minerals and crystals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Minerals and crystals, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Geologists identify minerals by hardness, colour, lustre (shine), streak and how they break.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Geologists, minerals · **What happens:** identify, break · **To what, where:** minerals

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Minerals and crystals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Geologists, minerals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:050-minerals-and-crystals.lesson:11
# text = Geologists identify minerals by hardness, colour, lustre (shine), streak and how they break.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 050-minerals-and-crystals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Geologists	geologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	identify	identify	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	minerals	mineral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	hardness	hardness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	lustre	lustre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
11	shine	shine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	streak	streak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	break	break	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | present | Geologists | minerals |  |  |  | by hardness and colour and lustre and streak | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent mineral=Theme |
| 2 | **break** | present | minerals *= mineral* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:050-minerals-and-crystals.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Minerals and crystals, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/50-minerals-and-crystals/10/)
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