---
title: Rubies and sapphires are the same mineral, corundum; red corundum is… — Gemstones and precious metals · tree and pragmatics
description: Rubies and sapphires are the same mineral, corundum; red corundum is ruby, and other colours are sapphire. Who acts: Rubies, red corundum, other colours. A sentence of the lesson «Gemstones and precious metals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# Gemstones and precious metals, sentence 12

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Rubies and sapphires are the same mineral, corundum; red corundum is ruby, and other colours are sapphire.

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**Who acts:** Rubies, red corundum, other colours · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** same mineral, ruby, sapphire

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Gemstones and precious metals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rubies, red corundum, other colours), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:051-gemstones-and-precious-metals.lesson:12
# text = Rubies and sapphires are the same mineral, corundum; red corundum is ruby, and other colours are sapphire.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 051-gemstones-and-precious-metals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3
1	Rubies	ruby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	sapphires	sapphire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	mineral	mineral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	corundum	corundum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	corundum	corundum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:compound
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	ruby	ruby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	sapphire	sapphire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Rubies and sapphires | the same mineral |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | red corundum | ruby and sapphire |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | other colours | sapphire |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:051-gemstones-and-precious-metals.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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