--- title: In the 1300s much of the gold used in Europe and North Africa came f… — Gemstones and precious metals · tree and pragmatics description: In the 1300s much of the gold used in Europe and North Africa came from West Africa, traded across the Sahara through the empire of Mali, whose king Mansa Musa became famous for his huge wealth in gold. Who acts: much, king. A sentence of the lesson «Gemstones and precious metals» of the geography c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/51-gemstones-and-precious-metals/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Gemstones and precious metals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/51-gemstones-and-precious-metals/) / 16 # Gemstones and precious metals, sentence 16 In the 1300s much of the gold used in Europe and North Africa came from West Africa, traded across the Sahara through the empire of Mali, whose king Mansa Musa became famous for his huge wealth in gold. **Who acts:** much, king · **What happens:** use, come, trade, become · **To what, where:** gold, Europe, 1300s, Sahara This is a sentence of the lesson «Gemstones and precious metals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (much, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:051-gemstones-and-precious-metals.lesson:16 # text = In the 1300s much of the gold used in Europe and North Africa came from West Africa, traded across the Sahara through the empire of Mali, whose king Mansa Musa became famous for his huge wealth in gold. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 051-gemstones-and-precious-metals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 1300s 1300 NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 4 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:nsubj|HaikuPos=PRON:NN:PronType=Ind 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 gold gold NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 acl _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 North North PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 14 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 15 from from ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 West West PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 traded trade VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 conj _ _ 20 across across ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 Sahara Sahara PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=19:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 23 through through ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 empire empire NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:nmod 26 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 Mali Mali PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 30 nmod:poss _ _ 30 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 31 Mansa Mansa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 appos _ _ 32 Musa Musa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 flat _ _ 33 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 acl:relcl _ _ 34 famous famous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 xcomp _ _ 35 for for ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 36 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 37 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 wealth wealth NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 gold gold NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | participle | | the gold *not said here* | | Europe and North Africa | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **come** | past | much of the gold | | | the 1300s | | from West Africa | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from africa=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **trade** | participle | much of the gold *not said here* | | | the Sahara | | through the empire of Mali | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **become** | past | king | | | | | famous *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:051-gemstones-and-precious-metals.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Gemstones and precious metals, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/51-gemstones-and-precious-metals/15/) - next →: [Gemstones and precious metals, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/51-gemstones-and-precious-metals/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/51-gemstones-and-precious-metals/)