--- title: Water in cracks freezes and expands by about 9%, pushing the rock ap… — Weathering and erosion · tree and pragmatics description: Water in cracks freezes and expands by about 9%, pushing the rock apart bit by bit. Who acts: Water. A sentence of the lesson «Weathering and erosion» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/52-weathering-and-erosion/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Weathering and erosion](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/52-weathering-and-erosion/) / 8 # Weathering and erosion, sentence 8 Water in cracks freezes and expands by about 9%, pushing the rock apart bit by bit. **Who acts:** Water · **What happens:** freeze, expand, push · **To what, where:** rock This is a sentence of the lesson «Weathering and erosion» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:052-weathering-and-erosion.lesson:8 # text = Water in cracks freezes and expands by about 9%, pushing the rock apart bit by bit. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 052-weathering-and-erosion.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 in in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 cracks crack NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _ 4 freezes freeze VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 expands expand VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 7 by by ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 about about ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 9 9 9 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 % % SYM NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 pushing push VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=6:conj 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 apart apart ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 bit bit NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:xcomp 17 by by ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 bit bit NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 19 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **freeze** | present | Water in cracks | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **expand** | present | Water in cracks *not said here* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **push** | gerund | Water in cracks *not said here* | the rock | | | | bit by bit *obl* | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:052-weathering-and-erosion.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Weathering and erosion, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/52-weathering-and-erosion/7/) - next →: [Weathering and erosion, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/52-weathering-and-erosion/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/52-weathering-and-erosion/)