---
title: An oxbow lake forms when a river cuts through the narrow neck of a m… — Rivers shaping the land · tree and pragmatics
description: An oxbow lake forms when a river cuts through the narrow neck of a meander and leaves the loop behind. Who acts: oxbow lake, river. A sentence of the lesson «Rivers shaping the land» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Rivers shaping the land, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An oxbow lake forms when a river cuts through the narrow neck of a meander and leaves the loop behind.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** oxbow lake, river · **What happens:** form, cut, leave · **To what, where:** loop

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers shaping the land» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (oxbow lake, river), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:053-rivers-shaping-the-land.lesson:12
# text = An oxbow lake forms when a river cuts through the narrow neck of a meander and leaves the loop behind.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 053-rivers-shaping-the-land.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	oxbow	oxbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	forms	form	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	cuts	cut	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	meander	meander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	loop	loop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:advmod
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present | a oxbow lake |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **cut** | present | a river |  |  |  |  | through the narrow neck of a meander | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent through neck=Patient |
| 3 | **leave** | present | a river *not said here* | the loop |  |  |  | behind *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent loop=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:053-rivers-shaping-the-land.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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