---
title: If it cuts across the neck of a loop, the old loop is left behind as… — Rivers shaping the land · tree and pragmatics
description: If it cuts across the neck of a loop, the old loop is left behind as an oxbow lake. Who acts: river. A sentence of the lesson «Rivers shaping the land» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Rivers shaping the land, sentence 5

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If it cuts across the neck of a loop, the old loop is left behind as an oxbow lake.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** river · **What happens:** cut, leave behind · **To what, where:** neck, old loop

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers shaping the land» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (river), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:053-rivers-shaping-the-land.lesson:5
# text = If it cuts across the neck of a loop, the old loop is left behind as an oxbow lake.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 053-rivers-shaping-the-land.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cuts	cut	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	loop	loop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	loop	loop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	oxbow	oxbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos
20	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | river |  |  | the neck of a loop |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across neck=Location |
| 2 | **leave behind** | present · passive |  | the old loop |  |  |  | as a oxbow lake; behind *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:053-rivers-shaping-the-land.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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