---
title: About 20,000 years ago ice sheets covered much of Britain, Scandinav… — Glaciers and ice ages · tree and pragmatics
description: About 20,000 years ago ice sheets covered much of Britain, Scandinavia and northern North America. Who acts: ice sheets. A sentence of the lesson «Glaciers and ice ages» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Glaciers and ice ages, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
About 20,000 years ago ice sheets covered much of Britain, Scandinavia and northern North America.

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**Who acts:** ice sheets · **What happens:** cover · **To what, where:** much

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Glaciers and ice ages» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ice sheets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:054-glaciers-and-ice-ages.lesson:13
# text = About 20,000 years ago ice sheets covered much of Britain, Scandinavia and northern North America.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 054-glaciers-and-ice-ages.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2
1	About	about	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	20,000	20000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:obl:unmarked
4	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:advmod
5	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sheets	sheet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Scandinavia	Scandinavia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past | ice sheets | much of Britain and Scandinavia and northern North America |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme much=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:054-glaciers-and-ice-ages.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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