---
title: For the last 2.6 million years Earth has swung between cold glacial… — Glaciers and ice ages · tree and pragmatics
description: For the last 2.6 million years Earth has swung between cold glacial periods and warmer interglacials. Who acts: Earth. A sentence of the lesson «Glaciers and ice ages» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/54-glaciers-and-ice-ages/4/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Glaciers and ice ages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/54-glaciers-and-ice-ages/) / 4

# Glaciers and ice ages, sentence 4

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For the last 2.6 million years Earth has swung between cold glacial periods and warmer interglacials.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Earth · **What happens:** swing · **To what, where:** cold glacial periods

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Glaciers and ice ages» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:054-glaciers-and-ice-ages.lesson:4
# text = For the last 2.6 million years Earth has swung between cold glacial periods and warmer interglacials.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 054-glaciers-and-ice-ages.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	2.6	2.6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	compound	_	_
5	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
7	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	swung	swing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	between	between	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	glacial	glacial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	periods	period	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	warmer	warm	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	amod	_	_
16	interglacials	interglacial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swing** | present · perfect | Earth |  |  | cold glacial periods and warmer interglacials | year |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme between period=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:054-glaciers-and-ice-ages.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Glaciers and ice ages, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/54-glaciers-and-ice-ages/3/)
- next →: [Glaciers and ice ages, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/54-glaciers-and-ice-ages/5/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/54-glaciers-and-ice-ages/)