--- title: Coasts and caves — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Coasts and caves», a lesson of the geography course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: The coast is where land and sea fight, and in storms the waves hit cliffs with huge force, hurling pebbles and squeezing air into cracks. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / Coasts and caves # Coasts and caves Lesson 55 of the geography course of Mova's primary school: 16 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/0/) — The coast is where land and sea fight, and in storms the waves hit cliffs with huge force, hurling pebbles and squeezing air into cracks. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/1/) — Where hard and soft rock lie side by side, the soft rock wears back into bays and the hard rock sticks out as headlands. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/3/) — Watch the sand on a beach where waves come in at a slant: it is moved along the shore, step by step, by longshore drift, and can build a long finger of sand called a spit. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/4/) — Inland, caves are made in a different way: slightly acidic rain dissolves limestone. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/5/) — Drip by drip the water leaves stone behind, growing stalactites that hang down from the roof and stalagmites that grow up from the floor. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/6/) — Waves crash against coasts and wear them away, especially during storms. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/7/) — Coasts with hard and soft rock form headlands and bays, since soft rock wears back faster. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/8/) — Waves cut caves into headlands, the caves join into arches, and when arches fall, stacks are left. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/9/) — Australia's Twelve Apostles are limestone stacks that are slowly collapsing as the sea erodes them. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/10/) — Waves hitting a beach at an angle move sand along the coast, a process called longshore drift. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/11/) — A spit is a long finger of sand or shingle stretching out from the coast into the sea. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/12/) — The Holderness coast in Yorkshire is one of Europe's fastest-eroding coasts, losing about 1-2 metres a year. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/13/) — Most big caves form in limestone, which slightly acidic rain slowly dissolves. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/14/) — Stalactites hang from cave roofs and stalagmites grow up from the floor, built from dripping water. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/15/) — Rising seas caused by global warming make coastal erosion and flooding worse. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/16/) — The largest known cave passage is Son Doong in Vietnam, big enough to hold a city block with skyscrapers. - ← previous: [Glaciers and ice ages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/54-glaciers-and-ice-ages/) - next →: [Soil](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/56-soil/) - ↑ back to [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/)