---
title: Waves cut caves into headlands, the caves join into arches, and when… — Coasts and caves · tree and pragmatics
description: Waves cut caves into headlands, the caves join into arches, and when arches fall, stacks are left. Who acts: Waves, caves, arches. A sentence of the lesson «Coasts and caves» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Coasts and caves, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Waves cut caves into headlands, the caves join into arches, and when arches fall, stacks are left.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Waves, caves, arches · **What happens:** cut, join, fall, leave · **To what, where:** caves, headlands, stacks

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Coasts and caves» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Waves, caves, arches), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:055-coasts-and-caves.lesson:8
# text = Waves cut caves into headlands, the caves join into arches, and when arches fall, stacks are left.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 055-coasts-and-caves.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	headlands	headland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	join	join	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	arches	arch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
15	arches	arch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	stacks	stack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | past | Waves | caves |  | headlands |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent cave=Material into headland=Product |
| 2 | **join** | present | the caves |  |  |  |  | into arches | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient into arch=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **fall** | present | arches |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **leave** | present · passive |  | stacks |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:055-coasts-and-caves.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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