---
title: Australia's Twelve Apostles are limestone stacks that are slowly col… — Coasts and caves · tree and pragmatics
description: Australia's Twelve Apostles are limestone stacks that are slowly collapsing as the sea erodes them. Who acts: Twelve Apostles, limestone stacks, sea. A sentence of the lesson «Coasts and caves» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Coasts and caves, sentence 9

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Australia's Twelve Apostles are limestone stacks that are slowly collapsing as the sea erodes them.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Twelve Apostles, limestone stacks, sea · **What happens:** be, collapse, erode · **To what, where:** limestone stacks, stacks

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Coasts and caves» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Twelve Apostles, limestone stacks, sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:055-coasts-and-caves.lesson:9
# text = Australia's Twelve Apostles are limestone stacks that are slowly collapsing as the sea erodes them.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 055-coasts-and-caves.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	Twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	Apostles	apostle	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	limestone	limestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	stacks	stack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	collapsing	collapse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	erodes	erode	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Australia's Twelve Apostles | limestone stacks |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **collapse** | present · progressive | limestone stacks |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **erode** | present | the sea | stacks *= stack* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:055-coasts-and-caves.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Coasts and caves, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/8/)
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