---
title: Earthworms mix soil, make tunnels for air and water, and turn dead l… — Soil · tree and pragmatics
description: Earthworms mix soil, make tunnels for air and water, and turn dead leaves into rich soil. Who acts: Earthworms. A sentence of the lesson «Soil» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Soil, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Earthworms mix soil, make tunnels for air and water, and turn dead leaves into rich soil.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Earthworms · **What happens:** mix, make, turn · **To what, where:** soil, tunnels, dead leaves, rich soil

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Soil» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Earthworms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:056-soil.lesson:11
# text = Earthworms mix soil, make tunnels for air and water, and turn dead leaves into rich soil.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 056-soil.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Earthworms	earthworm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	mix	mix	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mix** | present | Earthworms | soil |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soil=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present | Earthworms *not said here* | tunnels |  |  |  | for air and water | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent tunnel=Product for air=Asset |
| 3 | **turn** | present | Earthworms *not said here* | dead leaves |  | rich soil |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme into soil=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:056-soil.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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