---
title: About a third of the world's soils are degraded by erosion, salt, po… — Soil · tree and pragmatics
description: About a third of the world's soils are degraded by erosion, salt, pollution or overuse. Who acts: erosion, world. A sentence of the lesson «Soil» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Soil, sentence 16

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About a third of the world's soils are degraded by erosion, salt, pollution or overuse.

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**Who acts:** erosion, world · **What happens:** degrade, soil · **To what, where:** third

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Soil» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (erosion, world), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:056-soil.lesson:16
# text = About a third of the world's soils are degraded by erosion, salt, pollution or overuse.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 056-soil.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	About	about	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	third	third	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	soils	soil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	degraded	degrade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	erosion	erosion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:appos
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	overuse	overuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **degrade** | present · passive | erosion and salt and pollution or overuse | a third of the world's soils |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **soil** |  | the world |  |  |  |  |  | nom soil «state transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:056-soil.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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