--- title: A handful of healthy soil holds more living things than there are pe… — Soil · tree and pragmatics description: A handful of healthy soil holds more living things than there are people on Earth, mostly bacteria and fungi, while earthworms mix it, let in air and water, and pull dead leaves down to rot. Who acts: handful, people, earthworms. A sentence of the lesson «Soil» of the geography course of Mova's prim --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/56-soil/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Soil](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/56-soil/) / 4 # Soil, sentence 4 A handful of healthy soil holds more living things than there are people on Earth, mostly bacteria and fungi, while earthworms mix it, let in air and water, and pull dead leaves down to rot. **Who acts:** handful, people, earthworms · **What happens:** hold, be, mix, let, pull down, rot · **To what, where:** more living things, handful, air, dead leaves This is a sentence of the lesson «Soil» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (handful, people, earthworms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:056-soil.lesson:4 # text = A handful of healthy soil holds more living things than there are people on Earth, mostly bacteria and fungi, while earthworms mix it, let in air and water, and pull dead leaves down to rot. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 056-soil.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 handful handful NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 healthy healthy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 holds hold VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 9 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBR:Degree=Cmp 8 living living ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 10 than than SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ _ 11 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 12 expl _ _ 12 are be VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 advcl _ _ 13 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 14 on on ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 bacteria bacteria NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 appos _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 fungi fungi NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=18:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 while while SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 23 earthworms earthworm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 24 mix mix VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=24:punct 27 let let VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 conj _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 conj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 pull pull VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 35 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obj _ _ 37 down down ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 38 to to PART TO _ 39 mark _ _ 39 rot rot VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 advcl _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hold** | present | a handful of healthy soil | more living things | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme | | 2 | **does** | present | people on Earth | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **mix** | present | earthworms | handful | | | | | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 4 | **let** | infinitive | earthworms *not said here* | | | air and water | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **pull down** | present | earthworms *not said here* | dead leaves | | | | down *property* | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme | | 6 | **rot** | to-infinitive | earthworms *not said here* | | | | | | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:056-soil.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Soil, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/56-soil/3/) - next →: [Soil, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/56-soil/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/56-soil/)