---
title: Layer after layer piles on top, the mud slowly turns to rock, and mi… — Fossils · tree and pragmatics
description: Layer after layer piles on top, the mud slowly turns to rock, and minerals soak into the bones and shells. Who acts: Layer, mud, minerals. A sentence of the lesson «Fossils» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fossils, sentence 3

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Layer after layer piles on top, the mud slowly turns to rock, and minerals soak into the bones and shells.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Layer, mud, minerals · **What happens:** pile, turn, soak · **To what, where:** rock, bones

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Layer, mud, minerals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:057-fossils.lesson:3
# text = Layer after layer piles on top, the mud slowly turns to rock, and minerals soak into the bones and shells.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 057-fossils.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	Layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	after	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	piles	pile	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	minerals	mineral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	soak	soak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=4:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pile** | present | Layer after layer |  |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | present | the mud |  |  | rock |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to rock=Trajectory |
| 3 | **soak** | present | minerals |  |  | the bones and shells |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:057-fossils.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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