--- title: Radioactive atoms decay into other atoms at a fixed rate, so measuri… — Deep time and the story of life · tree and pragmatics description: Radioactive atoms decay into other atoms at a fixed rate, so measuring both tells the age of a rock; the time it takes for half of them to change is called a half-life. Who acts: Radioactive atoms, measuring, it. A sentence of the lesson «Deep time and the story of life» of the geography course of M --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/58-deep-time-and-the-story-of-life/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Deep time and the story of life](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/58-deep-time-and-the-story-of-life/) / 9 # Deep time and the story of life, sentence 9 Radioactive atoms decay into other atoms at a fixed rate, so measuring both tells the age of a rock; the time it takes for half of them to change is called a half-life. **Who acts:** Radioactive atoms, measuring, it · **What happens:** decay, fix, measure, tell, take, change · **To what, where:** other atoms, both, age, time · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Deep time and the story of life» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Radioactive atoms, measuring, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:058-deep-time-and-the-story-of-life.lesson:9 # text = Radioactive atoms decay into other atoms at a fixed rate, so measuring both tells the age of a rock; the time it takes for half of them to change is called a half-life. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 058-deep-time-and-the-story-of-life.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5 1 Radioactive radioactive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 atoms atom NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 decay decay VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 into into ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 atoms atom NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 at at ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 fixed fix VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 amod _ _ 10 rate rate NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 so so ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 13 measuring measure VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 15 csubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:advcl 14 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 13 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:det 15 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:obj 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj:pass _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 takes take VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 acl:relcl _ _ 26 for for ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 half half NOUN NN Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac 25 obl _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 change change VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:acl 32 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux:pass _ _ 33 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 35 half half NOUN NN Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac 37 compound _ _ 36 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 35 punct _ _ 37 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 xcomp _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **decay** | present | Radioactive atoms | | | other atoms | | at a fixed rate | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **fix** | participle | | | | | | | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **measure** | gerund | | both | | | | | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme both=Value | | 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | measuring | the age of a rock | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent age=Recipient | | 5 | **take** | present | it | the time *not said here* | | | | for half of atoms | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent time=Theme for half=Beneficiary | | 6 | **change** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **call** | present · passive | | the time | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:058-deep-time-and-the-story-of-life.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Deep time and the story of life, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/58-deep-time-and-the-story-of-life/8/) - next →: [Deep time and the story of life, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/58-deep-time-and-the-story-of-life/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/58-deep-time-and-the-story-of-life/)