--- title: Countries are switching to solar, wind and other clean energy, which… — Coal, oil and gas · tree and pragmatics description: Countries are switching to solar, wind and other clean energy, which burn no fuel and give off no carbon dioxide while they work, and Britain closed its last coal power station in 2024. Who acts: Countries, wind, fuels, Britain. A sentence of the lesson «Coal, oil and gas» of the geography course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Coal, oil and gas](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/) / 18 # Coal, oil and gas, sentence 18 Countries are switching to solar, wind and other clean energy, which burn no fuel and give off no carbon dioxide while they work, and Britain closed its last coal power station in 2024. **Who acts:** Countries, wind, fuels, Britain · **What happens:** switch, burn, give off, work, close · **To what, where:** fuel, carbon dioxide, last power station This is a sentence of the lesson «Coal, oil and gas» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Countries, wind, fuels, Britain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:059-coal-oil-and-gas.lesson:18 # text = Countries are switching to solar, wind and other clean energy, which burn no fuel and give off no carbon dioxide while they work, and Britain closed its last coal power station in 2024. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 059-coal-oil-and-gas.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 switching switch VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 to to ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 solar solar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 obl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:obj 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 9 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 10 clean clean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 14 nsubj _ _ 14 burn burn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 15 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 16 det _ _ 16 fuel fuel NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 give give VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 19 off off ADP RP _ 18 compound:prt _ _ 20 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 22 det _ _ 21 carbon carbon NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 dioxide dioxide NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 23 while while SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 work work VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 advcl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 29 closed close VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 30 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 31 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=32:amod 32 coal coal NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:compound 33 power power NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 34 station station NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 2024 2024 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 29 obl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **switch** | present · progressive | Countries | | | | | to solar and wind and other clean energy *result* | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to solar=Result | | 2 | **burn** | present | wind and other clean energy | no fuel | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fuel=Theme | | 3 | **give off** | present | wind and other clean energy *not said here* | no carbon dioxide | | | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source dioxide=Theme | | 4 | **work** | present | fuels *= fuel* | | | | | | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **close** | past | Britain | energy's last power station | | | | in 2024 | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent station=Patient in 2024=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:059-coal-oil-and-gas.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Coal, oil and gas, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/17/) - next →: [Coal, oil and gas, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/)