--- title: They took millions of years to form and we are using them up in cent… — Coal, oil and gas · tree and pragmatics description: They took millions of years to form and we are using them up in centuries, so countries are turning to the sun and wind; Britain closed its last coal power station in 2024. Who acts: lungs, we, countries, Britain. A sentence of the lesson «Coal, oil and gas» of the geography course of Mova's primary --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Coal, oil and gas](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/) / 7 # Coal, oil and gas, sentence 7 They took millions of years to form and we are using them up in centuries, so countries are turning to the sun and wind; Britain closed its last coal power station in 2024. **Who acts:** lungs, we, countries, Britain · **What happens:** take, form, use up, turn, close · **To what, where:** millions, lungs, sun, last coal power station This is a sentence of the lesson «Coal, oil and gas» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lungs, we, countries, Britain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:059-coal-oil-and-gas.lesson:7 # text = They took millions of years to form and we are using them up in centuries, so countries are turning to the sun and wind; Britain closed its last coal power station in 2024. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 059-coal-oil-and-gas.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 form form VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 9 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 10 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 using use VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 conj _ _ 12 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 up up ADP RP _ 11 compound:prt _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 centuries century NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 17 so so ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 18 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 19 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 20 turning turn VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=11:conj 21 to to ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 sun sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 27 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 28 closed close VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 29 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 30 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:amod 31 coal coal NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 32 power power NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 station station NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 2024 2024 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 28 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | past | lungs *= lung* | millions of years | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Theme | | 2 | **form** | to-infinitive | lungs *= lung* *not said here* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **use up** | present · progressive | we | lungs *= lung* | | | century | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 4 | **turn** | present · progressive | countries | | | the sun and wind | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to sun=Trajectory | | 5 | **close** | past | Britain | wind's last coal power station | | | | in 2024 | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent station=Patient in 2024=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:059-coal-oil-and-gas.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Coal, oil and gas, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/6/) - next →: [Coal, oil and gas, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/)