---
title: The Aral Sea in Central Asia, once the fourth largest lake in the wo… — Islands, seas and lakes · tree and pragmatics
description: The Aral Sea in Central Asia, once the fourth largest lake in the world, has shrunk to about a tenth of its former size since the 1960s. Who acts: Aral Sea. A sentence of the lesson «Islands, seas and lakes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# Islands, seas and lakes, sentence 16

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The Aral Sea in Central Asia, once the fourth largest lake in the world, has shrunk to about a tenth of its former size since the 1960s.

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**Who acts:** Aral Sea · **What happens:** shrunk

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Islands, seas and lakes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aral Sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:006-islands-seas-and-lakes.lesson:16
# text = The Aral Sea in Central Asia, once the fourth largest lake in the world, has shrunk to about a tenth of its former size since the 1960s.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 006-islands-seas-and-lakes.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Aral	Aral	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Central	Central	PROPN	NNP	_	6	amod	_	_
6	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	once	once	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	fourth	fourth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	12	amod	_	_
11	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
12	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
17	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	shrunk	shrunk	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	about	about	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	tenth	tenth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
27	since	since	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	1960s	1960s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	18	obl	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shrunk** | present · perfect | the Aral Sea in Central Asia |  |  |  | since the 1960s | to a tenth of sea's former size | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:006-islands-seas-and-lakes.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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