---
title: Recycling metals uses much less energy than mining new ore, and alum… — Metals, mining and what they cost · tree and pragmatics
description: Recycling metals uses much less energy than mining new ore, and aluminium can be recycled again and again. Who acts: Recycling, less energy. A sentence of the lesson «Metals, mining and what they cost» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Metals, mining and what they cost, sentence 18

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Recycling metals uses much less energy than mining new ore, and aluminium can be recycled again and again.

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**Who acts:** Recycling, less energy · **What happens:** recycle, use, mine · **To what, where:** metals, less energy, new ore, aluminium

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Metals, mining and what they cost» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Recycling, less energy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:060-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost.lesson:18
# text = Recycling metals uses much less energy than mining new ore, and aluminium can be recycled again and again.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 060-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Recycling	recycle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	metals	metal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	much	much	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	mining	mine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ore	ore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	aluminium	aluminium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	recycled	recycle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
17	again	again	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	again	again	ADV	RB	_	17	conj	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recycle** | gerund |  | metals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | present | Recycling | less energy |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient |
| 3 | **mine** | gerund | less energy *not said here* | new ore |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ore=Theme |
| 4 | **recycle** | can · passive |  | aluminium |  |  | again |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:060-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost.lesson:18`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Metals, mining and what they cost, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/60-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost/17/)
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