--- title: Long ago people learned to mix copper with tin to make bronze, hard… — Metals, mining and what they cost · tree and pragmatics description: Long ago people learned to mix copper with tin to make bronze, hard enough for tools and swords, and tin from Cornwall was traded across Europe for thousands of years. Who acts: people. A sentence of the lesson «Metals, mining and what they cost» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/60-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Metals, mining and what they cost](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/60-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost/) / 2 # Metals, mining and what they cost, sentence 2 Long ago people learned to mix copper with tin to make bronze, hard enough for tools and swords, and tin from Cornwall was traded across Europe for thousands of years. **Who acts:** people · **What happens:** learn, mix, make, trade · **To what, where:** copper, bronze, tin, Europe This is a sentence of the lesson «Metals, mining and what they cost» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:060-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost.lesson:2 # text = Long ago people learned to mix copper with tin to make bronze, hard enough for tools and swords, and tin from Cornwall was traded across Europe for thousands of years. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 060-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 Long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 2 advmod _ _ 2 ago ago ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 3 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 learned learn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 mix mix VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 xcomp _ _ 7 copper copper NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 8 with with ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 tin tin NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 10 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 11 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 advcl _ _ 12 bronze bronze NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:Degree=Pos 15 enough enough ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 16 for for ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 tools tool NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:obl 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 swords sword NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 conj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 22 tin tin NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj:pass _ _ 23 from from ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 Cornwall Cornwall PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 25 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 26 traded trade VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ _ 27 across across ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 29 for for ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nmod _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **learn** | past | people | | | | | ago *property* | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **mix** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | copper | | | | with tin | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent copper=Patient with tin=Co-Patient | | 3 | **make** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | bronze | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bronze=Product | | 4 | **trade** | past · passive | | tin from Cornwall | | Europe | | for thousands of years | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: subject=Theme for thousand=Co-Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:060-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Metals, mining and what they cost, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/60-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost/1/) - next →: [Metals, mining and what they cost, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/60-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/60-metals-mining-and-what-they-cost/)