---
title: Italy's capital is Rome, though the country became one state only in… — Europe: countries and capitals · tree and pragmatics
description: Italy's capital is Rome, though the country became one state only in 1861, with Rome joining in 1870. Who acts: capital, country, Rome. A sentence of the lesson «Europe: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Europe: countries and capitals, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Italy's capital is Rome, though the country became one state only in 1861, with Rome joining in 1870.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** capital, country, Rome · **What happens:** be, become, join · **To what, where:** Rome, one state, 1861

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Europe: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (capital, country, Rome), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:007-europe-countries-and-capitals.lesson:10
# text = Italy's capital is Rome, though the country became one state only in 1861, with Rome joining in 1870.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 007-europe-countries-and-capitals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	_
13	only	only	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	1861	1861	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	joining	join	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	advcl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	1870	1870	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	obl	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Italy's capital | Rome |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | past | the country | one state |  |  |  | in 1861 *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1861=Result |
| 3 | **join** | gerund | Rome |  |  |  |  | in 1870 | vn cooperate-73.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in 1870=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:007-europe-countries-and-capitals.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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