--- title: Switzerland has no official capital by law, and Bern is called the f… — Europe: countries and capitals · tree and pragmatics description: Switzerland has no official capital by law, and Bern is called the federal city, where the government and parliament meet; the country is made of 26 cantons (regions), and having no capital keeps them all equal. Who acts: Switzerland, government, having. A sentence of the lesson «Europe: countries a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Europe: countries and capitals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/) / 13 # Europe: countries and capitals, sentence 13 Switzerland has no official capital by law, and Bern is called the federal city, where the government and parliament meet; the country is made of 26 cantons (regions), and having no capital keeps them all equal. **Who acts:** Switzerland, government, having · **What happens:** have, call, meet, make, keep · **To what, where:** official capital, Bern, country, capital, Capitals · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Europe: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Switzerland, government, having), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:007-europe-countries-and-capitals.lesson:13 # text = Switzerland has no official capital by law, and Bern is called the federal city, where the government and parliament meet; the country is made of 26 cantons (regions), and having no capital keeps them all equal. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 007-europe-countries-and-capitals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Switzerland Switzerland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 5 det _ _ 4 official official ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 capital capital NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 law law NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:nmod 8 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 10 Bern Bern PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 11 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux:pass _ _ 12 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 federal federal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:obj 16 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 17 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 22 advmod _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 government government NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 parliament parliament NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 22 meet meet VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 acl:relcl _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj:pass _ _ 26 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux:pass _ _ 27 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=12:conj 28 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 26 26 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 30 nummod _ _ 30 cantons canton NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 31 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 32 punct _ _ 32 regions region NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 appos _ _ 33 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 32 punct _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=36:punct 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 36 having have VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 39 csubj _ _ 37 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 38 det _ _ 38 capital capital NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 39 keeps keep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 conj _ _ 40 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obj _ _ 41 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 42 det _ _ 42 equal equal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 xcomp _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Switzerland | no official capital | | | | by law | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capital=Patient | | 2 | **call** | present · passive | | Bern | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | | 3 | **meet** | present | the government and parliament | | | | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **make** | present · passive | | the country | | | | of 26 cantons | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 5 | **have** | gerund | | no capital | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capital=Patient | | 6 | **keep** | present | having | Capitals *= capital* | | | | equal *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:007-europe-countries-and-capitals.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Europe: countries and capitals, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/12/) - next →: [Europe: countries and capitals, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/)