--- title: Many countries you know are younger than you think: Italy became one… — Europe: countries and capitals · tree and pragmatics description: Many countries you know are younger than you think: Italy became one state in 1861 and Germany in 1871, long after the game's Holy Roman Empire. Who acts: you, Many countries, Italy. A sentence of the lesson «Europe: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its d --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Europe: countries and capitals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/) / 2 # Europe: countries and capitals, sentence 2 Many countries you know are younger than you think: Italy became one state in 1861 and Germany in 1871, long after the game's Holy Roman Empire. **Who acts:** you, Many countries, Italy · **What happens:** know, be, think, become · **To what, where:** Many countries, one state, 1861 · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Europe: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Many countries, Italy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:007-europe-countries-and-capitals.lesson:2 # text = Many countries you know are younger than you think: Italy became one state in 1861 and Germany in 1871, long after the game's Holy Roman Empire. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 007-europe-countries-and-capitals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 3 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 know know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 acl:relcl _ _ 5 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 6 younger young ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ _ 7 than than SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 8 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 think think VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 11 Italy Italy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 ccomp _ _ 13 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 14 nummod _ _ 14 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 xcomp _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 1861 1861 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 obl _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 Germany Germany PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 1871 1871 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 29 advmod _ _ 23 after after ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 game game NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod:poss _ _ 26 's 's PART POS _ 25 case _ _ 27 Holy Holy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 28 Roman Roman PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 Empire Empire PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **know** | present | you | Many countries *not said here* | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer country=Stimulus | | 2 | **is** | present | Many countries | | | | | young *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **think** *speech: other* | present | you | | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 4 | **become** | past | Italy | one state and Germany | | | after the game's Holy Roman Empire | in 1861 *result*; in 1871 | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1861=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:007-europe-countries-and-capitals.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Europe: countries and capitals, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/1/) - next →: [Europe: countries and capitals, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/)