--- title: Around 400,000 enslaved Africans were shipped directly to the land t… — The United States · tree and pragmatics description: Around 400,000 enslaved Africans were shipped directly to the land that became the United States, and bringing in new captives was banned in 1808, but children of enslaved mothers were enslaved too, so by 1860 about 4 million enslaved people lived there, until slavery was abolished in 1865. Who acts --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/9-the-united-states/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [The United States](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/9-the-united-states/) / 9 # The United States, sentence 9 Around 400,000 enslaved Africans were shipped directly to the land that became the United States, and bringing in new captives was banned in 1808, but children of enslaved mothers were enslaved too, so by 1860 about 4 million enslaved people lived there, until slavery was abolished in 1865. **Who acts:** land, bringing, million enslaved people · **What happens:** enslave, ship, become, bring in, ban, live · **To what, where:** 400,000 enslaved Africans, land, United States, new captives, 1808, children This is a sentence of the lesson «The United States» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, bringing, million enslaved people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:009-the-united-states.lesson:9 # text = Around 400,000 enslaved Africans were shipped directly to the land that became the United States, and bringing in new captives was banned in 1808, but children of enslaved mothers were enslaved too, so by 1860 about 4 million enslaved people lived there, until slavery was abolished in 1865. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 009-the-united-states.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Around around ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 400,000 400,000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 3 enslaved enslave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 amod _ _ 4 Africans african PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 6 nsubj:pass _ _ 5 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux:pass _ _ 6 shipped ship VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 7 directly directly ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 8 to to ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 11 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 12 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 United United PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 flat _ _ 15 States State PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 18 bringing bring VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 23 csubj:pass _ _ 19 in in ADP RP _ 18 compound:prt _ _ 20 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 captives captive NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 22 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux:pass _ _ 23 banned ban VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 conj _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 1808 1808 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 23 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 27 but but CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 28 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj:pass _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 enslaved enslave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 31 amod _ _ 31 mothers mother NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ _ 32 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux:pass _ _ 33 enslaved enslave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 conj _ _ 34 too too ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 36 so so ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 37 by by ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 1860 1860 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 44 obl _ _ 39 about about ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 40 4 4 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 41 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=41:nummod 41 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 43 nummod _ _ 42 enslaved enslave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 43 amod _ _ 43 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 nsubj _ _ 44 lived live VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 33 conj _ _ 45 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 44 advmod _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 47 until until SCONJ IN _ 50 mark _ _ 48 slavery slavery NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 nsubj:pass _ _ 49 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 50 aux:pass _ _ 50 abolished abolish VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 44 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=44:conj 51 in in ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 1865 1865 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 50 obl _ _ 53 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **enslave** | participle | | | | | | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **ship** | past · passive | | 400,000 enslaved Africans | | the land | | | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to land=Destination | | 3 | **become** | past | the land | the United States | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Patient state=Result | | 4 | **bring in** | gerund | | new captives | | | | | vn earn-54.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme captive=Asset | | 5 | **ban** | past · passive | bringing | | | 1808 | | | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING» | | 6 | **enslave** | participle | | | | | | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **enslave** | past · passive | | children of enslaved mothers | | | | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 8 | **enslave** | participle | | | | | | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **live** | past | million enslaved people | | | there | | by 1860 | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by 1860=Location | | 10 | **abolish** | past · passive | | slavery | | 1865 | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:009-the-united-states.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The United States, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/9-the-united-states/8/) - next →: [The United States, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/9-the-united-states/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/9-the-united-states/)