--- title: The earliest tools were stones chipped to a sharp edge; later people… — The first people: hunters, gatherers and cave pa… · tree and pragmatics description: The earliest tools were stones chipped to a sharp edge; later people also made fine blades, spear points, bone needles and fish hooks, which is why this long time is called the Stone Age. Who acts: earliest tools, people. A sentence of the lesson «The first people: hunters, gatherers and cave painte --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/1-the-first-people/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The first people: hunters, gatherers a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/1-the-first-people/) / 11 # The first people: hunters, gatherers and cave painters, sentence 11 The earliest tools were stones chipped to a sharp edge; later people also made fine blades, spear points, bone needles and fish hooks, which is why this long time is called the Stone Age. **Who acts:** earliest tools, people · **What happens:** be, chip, make, call · **To what, where:** stones, fine blades, long time · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The first people: hunters, gatherers and cave painters» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earliest tools, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:001-the-first-people.lesson:11 # text = The earliest tools were stones chipped to a sharp edge; later people also made fine blades, spear points, bone needles and fish hooks, which is why this long time is called the Stone Age. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 001-the-first-people.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 earliest early ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 3 amod _ _ 3 tools tool NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 4 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 stones stone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 chipped chip VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 acl _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 sharp sharp ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 edge edge NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 15 advmod _ _ 13 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 14 also also ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 16 fine fine ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 blades blade NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct 19 spear spear NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 points point NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 conj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 needles needle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=20:conj 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 hooks hook NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=20:conj 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 30 nsubj _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 30 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 35 advmod _ _ 31 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 33 det _ _ 32 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux:pass _ _ 35 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 acl:relcl _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 37 Stone Stone PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 compound _ _ 38 Age age PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=35:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 39 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | the earliest tools | stones | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **chip** | participle | | stones *not said here* | | | | to a sharp edge *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient to edge=Result | | 3 | **make** | past | people | fine blades and spear points and bone needles and fish hooks | | | | late *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blade=Product | | 4 | **is** | present | | | | | | why *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **call** | present · passive | | this long time | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:001-the-first-people.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The first people: hunters, gatherers a…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/1-the-first-people/9/) - next →: [The first people: hunters, gatherers a…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/1-the-first-people/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/1-the-first-people/)