--- title: Julius Caesar, a brilliant general, conquered Gaul, today's France,… — Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic · tree and pragmatics description: Julius Caesar, a brilliant general, conquered Gaul, today's France, took power in Rome, and was killed by senators in 44 BC who feared he wanted to be king. Who acts: brilliant general, Julius, senators, BC. A sentence of the lesson «Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic» of the history cou --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Rome: from a town on seven hills to a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/) / 17 # Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic, sentence 17 Julius Caesar, a brilliant general, conquered Gaul, today's France, took power in Rome, and was killed by senators in 44 BC who feared he wanted to be king. **Who acts:** brilliant general, Julius, senators, BC · **What happens:** conquer, take, kill, fear, want, be · **To what, where:** Gaul, power, Rome, 44, king · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brilliant general, Julius, senators, BC), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:013-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic.lesson:17 # text = Julius Caesar, a brilliant general, conquered Gaul, today's France, took power in Rome, and was killed by senators in 44 BC who feared he wanted to be king. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 013-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Julius Julius PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 2 Caesar Caesar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 brilliant brilliant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 general general NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 appos _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 8 conquered conquer VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl _ _ 9 Gaul Gaul PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 11 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod:poss _ _ 12 's 's PART POS _ 11 case _ _ 13 France France PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 appos _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=1:punct 15 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 16 power power NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 Rome Rome PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux:pass _ _ 22 killed kill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 conj _ _ 23 by by ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 senators senator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 44 44 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 22 obl _ _ 27 BC BC PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nmod:unmarked _ _ 28 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 29 nsubj _ _ 29 feared fear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 acl:relcl _ _ 30 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 31 wanted want VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 ccomp _ _ 32 to to PART TO _ 34 mark _ _ 33 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 34 cop _ _ 34 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 xcomp _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 15 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **conquer** | participle | a brilliant general *not said here* | Gaul | | | | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gaul=Patient | | 2 | **take** | past | Julius | power | | Rome | | | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent power=Value in rome=Location | | 3 | **kill** | past · passive | senators | | | 44 BC | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **fear** | past | BC | | | | | | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 5 | **want** | past | Julius | | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot | | 6 | **is a** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Julius *not said here* | king | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:013-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rome: from a town on seven hills to a…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/16/) - next →: [Rome: from a town on seven hills to a…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/)