---
title: In about 509 BC the Romans threw out the last, cruel king and swore… — Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic · tree and pragmatics
description: In about 509 BC the Romans threw out the last, cruel king and swore never to have one again. Who acts: Romans. A sentence of the lesson «Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic, sentence 3

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In about 509 BC the Romans threw out the last, cruel king and swore never to have one again.

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**Who acts:** Romans · **What happens:** throw out, swear, not have · **To what, where:** last cruel king, 509, one

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Romans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:013-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic.lesson:3
# text = In about 509 BC the Romans threw out the last, cruel king and swore never to have one again.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 013-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	about	about	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	509	509	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	_
4	BC	BC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:unmarked	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur
7	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
16	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	obj	_	_
20	again	again	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw out** | past | the Romans | the last cruel king |  | 509  BC |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent king=Theme in 509=Destination |
| 2 | **swear** | past | the Romans *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **have** | to-infinitive | the Romans *not said here* | one |  |  | again |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:013-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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