--- title: Then the general Julius Caesar grew so powerful that senators killed… — Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic · tree and pragmatics description: Then the general Julius Caesar grew so powerful that senators killed him, and his adopted son Augustus became the first emperor. Who acts: general Julius, senators, adopted son. A sentence of the lesson «Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic» of the history course of Mova's primary school w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Rome: from a town on seven hills to a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/) / 8 # Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic, sentence 8 Then the general Julius Caesar grew so powerful that senators killed him, and his adopted son Augustus became the first emperor. **Who acts:** general Julius, senators, adopted son · **What happens:** grow, kill, adopt, become · **To what, where:** Julius, first emperor This is a sentence of the lesson «Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (general Julius, senators, adopted son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:013-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic.lesson:8 # text = Then the general Julius Caesar grew so powerful that senators killed him, and his adopted son Augustus became the first emperor. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 013-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 6 advmod _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:det 3 general general ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 Julius Julius PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 5 Caesar Caesar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 flat _ _ 6 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 so so ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 powerful powerful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 xcomp _ _ 9 that that SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 10 senators senator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 11 killed kill VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 advcl _ _ 12 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 15 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:nmod:poss 16 adopted adopt VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:amod 17 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:compound 18 Augustus Augustus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:nsubj 19 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 22 amod _ _ 22 emperor emperor NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 xcomp _ _ 23 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grow** | past | general Julius | | | | then | powerful *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **kill** | past | senators | Julius | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | | 3 | **adopt** | participle | | | | | | | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **become** | past | Julius's adopted son | the first emperor | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:013-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rome: from a town on seven hills to a…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/7/) - next →: [Rome: from a town on seven hills to a…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/)