---
title: Under emperors, everything depended on one person: good ones like Au… — Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads · tree and pragmatics
description: Under emperors, everything depended on one person: good ones like Augustus, Trajan and Marcus Aurelius ruled well, while cruel or foolish ones like Caligula and Nero did much harm. Who acts: everything, cruel ones. A sentence of the lesson «Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads» of the history
---

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# Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads, sentence 1

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Under emperors, everything depended on one person: good ones like Augustus, Trajan and Marcus Aurelius ruled well, while cruel or foolish ones like Caligula and Nero did much harm.

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**Who acts:** everything, cruel ones · **What happens:** depend, rule, do · **To what, where:** much harm

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (everything, cruel ones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:014-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads.lesson:1
# text = Under emperors, everything depended on one person: good ones like Augustus, Trajan and Marcus Aurelius ruled well, while cruel or foolish ones like Caligula and Nero did much harm.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 014-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1
1	Under	under	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	emperors	emperor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	5	nsubj	_	_
5	depended	depend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	appos	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Augustus	Augustus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Trajan	Trajan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Marcus	Marcus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=15:conj
18	Aurelius	Aurelius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	flat	_	_
19	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
20	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	19	advmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
22	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
23	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	foolish	foolish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	_
26	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
27	like	like	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Caligula	Caligula	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	Nero	Nero	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
31	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
32	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | past | everything |  |  |  |  | under emperors; on one person | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on person=Theme |
| 2 | **rule** | past |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **do** | past | cruel ones like Caligula and Nero | much harm |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:014-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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