---
title: Not every gladiator fight ended in death, and the thumbs-up or thumb… — Rome: daily life, gladiators, Latin and Christia… · tree and pragmatics
description: Not every gladiator fight ended in death, and the thumbs-up or thumbs-down sign may be a modern guess. Who acts: gladiator fight, up sign. A sentence of the lesson «Rome: daily life, gladiators, Latin and Christianity» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Rome: daily life, gladiators, Latin and Christianity, sentence 15

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Not every gladiator fight ended in death, and the thumbs-up or thumbs-down sign may be a modern guess.

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**Who acts:** gladiator fight, up sign · **What happens:** not end, be · **To what, where:** death, modern guess

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Rome: daily life, gladiators, Latin and Christianity» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gladiator fight, up sign), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:015-rome-daily-life-gladiators-latin-and-christianity.lesson:15
# text = Not every gladiator fight ended in death, and the thumbs-up or thumbs-down sign may be a modern guess.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 015-rome-daily-life-gladiators-latin-and-christianity.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
3	gladiator	gladiator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	thumbs	thumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	compound	_	_
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=11:punct
13	up	up	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	thumbs	thumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct
17	down	down	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
19	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	cop	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	guess	guess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- hedged: yes
- teacher: changed act=assert

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **end** | past | every gladiator fight |  |  | death |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** | may | up sign | a modern guess |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:015-rome-daily-life-gladiators-latin-and-christianity.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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