--- title: The western empire faced civil wars, money troubles, disease and man… — Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us · tree and pragmatics description: The western empire faced civil wars, money troubles, disease and many peoples pushing across its borders, such as Goths, Vandals and Huns; many problems together weakened it, not one single cause. Who acts: western empire, many peoples, many problems. A sentence of the lesson «Rome: the fall of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Rome: the fall of the West and what Ro…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/) / 11 # Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us, sentence 11 The western empire faced civil wars, money troubles, disease and many peoples pushing across its borders, such as Goths, Vandals and Huns; many problems together weakened it, not one single cause. **Who acts:** western empire, many peoples, many problems · **What happens:** face, push, weaken · **To what, where:** civil wars, borders, empire This is a sentence of the lesson «Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (western empire, many peoples, many problems), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:016-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us.lesson:11 # text = The western empire faced civil wars, money troubles, disease and many peoples pushing across its borders, such as Goths, Vandals and Huns; many problems together weakened it, not one single cause. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 016-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 western western ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 empire empire NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 faced face VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 civil civil ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 wars war NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 troubles trouble NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 disease disease NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 15 pushing push VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 acl _ _ 16 across across ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 borders border NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 22 case _ _ 21 as as ADP IN _ 20 fixed _ _ 22 Goths goth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 Vandals vandal PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 22 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 Huns Hun PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 24 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=24:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 28 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 problems problem NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 30 together together ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 weakened weaken VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 34 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 37 advmod _ _ 35 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 37 nummod _ _ 36 single single ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 cause cause NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:obl 38 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=31:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **face** | past | the western empire | civil wars and money troubles and disease and many peoples | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme war=Destination | | 2 | **push** | gerund | many peoples *not said here* | | | empire's borders and Goths and Vandals and Huns | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent across border=Trajectory | | 3 | **weaken** | past | many problems | empire | | | | together *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:016-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rome: the fall of the West and what Ro…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/10/) - next →: [Rome: the fall of the West and what Ro…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/)