---
title: The West had many troubles at once: civil wars, money problems, dise… — Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us · tree and pragmatics
description: The West had many troubles at once: civil wars, money problems, disease and many peoples pushing across its borders. Who acts: West, many peoples. A sentence of the lesson «Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us, sentence 2

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The West had many troubles at once: civil wars, money problems, disease and many peoples pushing across its borders.

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**Who acts:** West, many peoples · **What happens:** have, push · **To what, where:** many troubles, borders

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (West, many peoples), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:016-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us.lesson:2
# text = The West had many troubles at once: civil wars, money problems, disease and many peoples pushing across its borders.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 016-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	troubles	trouble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	obl	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	civil	civil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	wars	war	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
19	pushing	push	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
20	across	across	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	borders	border	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the West | many troubles |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **push** | gerund | many peoples *not said here* |  |  | West's borders |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent across border=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:016-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us.lesson:2`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- next →: [Rome: the fall of the West and what Ro…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/3/)
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