---
title: After the fall of the West, monks in monasteries copied old books by… — Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us · tree and pragmatics
description: After the fall of the West, monks in monasteries copied old books by hand, and without them many Roman and Greek books would be lost. Who acts: monks. A sentence of the lesson «Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree a
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/20/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Rome: the fall of the West and what Ro…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/) / 20

# Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us, sentence 20

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the fall of the West, monks in monasteries copied old books by hand, and without them many Roman and Greek books would be lost.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** monks · **What happens:** copy, lose · **To what, where:** old books, many Roman books

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:016-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us.lesson:20
# text = After the fall of the West, monks in monasteries copied old books by hand, and without them many Roman and Greek books would be lost.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 016-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	monasteries	monastery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	copied	copy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
18	without	without	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	_
20	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
21	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=24:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	conj	_	_
24	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | past | monks in monasteries | old books |  |  | after the fall of the West | by hand | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent book=Theme by hand=Destination |
| 2 | **lose** | would · passive |  | many Roman books |  |  |  | without monks *= monk* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:016-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us.lesson:20`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Rome: the fall of the West and what Ro…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/19/)
- next →: [Native peoples of North America, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/0/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/)