--- title: The Inuit of the Arctic hunted seals and whales, used kayaks and dog… — Native peoples of North America · tree and pragmatics description: The Inuit of the Arctic hunted seals and whales, used kayaks and dog sleds, and in winter some built snow houses called igloos, but most did not live in igloos all year; they also lived in houses of stone, turf and skins. Who acts: Inuit, snow houses, most. A sentence of the lesson «Native peoples o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Native peoples of North America](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/) / 17 # Native peoples of North America, sentence 17 The Inuit of the Arctic hunted seals and whales, used kayaks and dog sleds, and in winter some built snow houses called igloos, but most did not live in igloos all year; they also lived in houses of stone, turf and skins. **Who acts:** Inuit, snow houses, most · **What happens:** hunt, use, build, call, not live, live · **To what, where:** seals, kayaks, snow houses, igloos, houses · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Native peoples of North America» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Inuit, snow houses, most), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:017-native-peoples-of-north-america.lesson:17 # text = The Inuit of the Arctic hunted seals and whales, used kayaks and dog sleds, and in winter some built snow houses called igloos, but most did not live in igloos all year; they also lived in houses of stone, turf and skins. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 017-native-peoples-of-north-america.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Inuit Inuit PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=6:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 Arctic Arctic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 hunted hunt VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 conj _ _ 7 seals seal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 conj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=12:punct 11 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 12 kayaks kayak NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 sleds sled NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 conj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=25:punct 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 20 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 23 det _ _ 21 built build VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 22 snow snow NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 houses house NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 24 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 acl _ _ 25 igloos igloo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 27 but but CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 28 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 31 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBS:Degree=Sup 29 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 30 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 31 advmod _ _ 31 live live VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=21:conj 32 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 igloos igloo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 34 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 35 det _ _ 35 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl:unmarked _ _ 36 ; ; PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 37 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ _ 38 also also ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 39 lived live VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 40 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 houses house NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obl _ _ 42 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nmod _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 45 turf turf NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=41:nmod 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 47 skins skin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 conj _ _ 48 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=39:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hunt** | past | the Inuit of the Arctic | seals and whales | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seal=Theme | | 2 | **use** | past | the Inuit of the Arctic *not said here* | kayaks and dog sleds | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kayak=Patient | | 3 | **build** | past | the Inuit of the Arctic *not said here* | some snow houses | | | winter | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset house=Product | | 4 | **call** | participle | some snow houses *not said here* | igloos | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent igloo=Recipient | | 5 | **not** **live** | past · do-support | most | | | igloos | year | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in igloo=Location | | 6 | **live** | past | Inuit | | | houses of stone and turf and skins | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in house=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:017-native-peoples-of-north-america.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Native peoples of North America, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/16/) - next →: [Native peoples of North America, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/)