--- title: As settlers spread west, many Native nations were pushed off their l… — Native peoples of North America · tree and pragmatics description: As settlers spread west, many Native nations were pushed off their lands by wars and broken treaties; on the Trail of Tears in the 1830s the Cherokee were forced to walk far west, and thousands died. Who acts: settlers, wars, Cherokee, thousands. A sentence of the lesson «Native peoples of North Ame --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Native peoples of North America](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/) / 19 # Native peoples of North America, sentence 19 As settlers spread west, many Native nations were pushed off their lands by wars and broken treaties; on the Trail of Tears in the 1830s the Cherokee were forced to walk far west, and thousands died. **Who acts:** settlers, wars, Cherokee, thousands · **What happens:** spread, push off, break, force, walk, die · **To what, where:** many Native nations, Cherokee, Trail This is a sentence of the lesson «Native peoples of North America» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (settlers, wars, Cherokee, thousands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:017-native-peoples-of-north-america.lesson:19 # text = As settlers spread west, many Native nations were pushed off their lands by wars and broken treaties; on the Trail of Tears in the 1830s the Cherokee were forced to walk far west, and thousands died. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 017-native-peoples-of-north-america.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 As as SCONJ IN _ 3 mark _ _ 2 settlers settler NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 advcl _ _ 4 west west ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 6 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 Native native ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 nations nation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux:pass _ _ 10 pushed push VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 11 off off ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 lands land NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 14 by by ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 wars war NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 17 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 amod _ _ 18 treaties treaty NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 conj _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 20 on on ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 Trail trail PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=31:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 23 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 Tears tear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nmod _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 1830s 1830 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 22 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:nmod 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 Cherokee Cherokee PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nsubj:pass _ _ 30 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux:pass _ _ 31 forced force VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:conj 32 to to PART TO _ 33 mark _ _ 33 walk walk VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 xcomp _ _ 34 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 35 advmod _ _ 35 west west ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 38 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 39 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:conj 40 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spread** | past | settlers | | | | | west *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **push off** | past · passive | wars and broken treaties | many Native nations | | | | off nations's lands | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme land=Destination | | 3 | **break** | participle | | | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **force** | past · passive | | the Cherokee | | the Trail of Tears in the 1830s | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | | 5 | **walk** | to-infinitive | the Cherokee *not said here* | | | | | west *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **die** | past | thousands | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:017-native-peoples-of-north-america.lesson:19`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Native peoples of North America, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/18/) - next →: [Native peoples of North America, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/20/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/)