---
title: The Americas were not empty when Europeans arrived; tens of millions… — Native peoples of North America · tree and pragmatics
description: The Americas were not empty when Europeans arrived; tens of millions of people lived there. Who acts: Americas, Europeans. A sentence of the lesson «Native peoples of North America» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Native peoples of North America, sentence 9

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The Americas were not empty when Europeans arrived; tens of millions of people lived there.

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**Who acts:** Americas, Europeans · **What happens:** not be, arrive, live · **To what, where:** people

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Native peoples of North America» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Americas, Europeans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:017-native-peoples-of-north-america.lesson:9
# text = The Americas were not empty when Europeans arrived; tens of millions of people lived there.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 017-native-peoples-of-north-america.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Americas	Americas	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
7	Europeans	European	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=8:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur
8	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
10	tens	ten	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
15	lived	live	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	acl	_	_
16	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | the Americas |  |  |  |  | empty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **arrive** | past | Europeans |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **live** | participle |  | people *not said here* |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:017-native-peoples-of-north-america.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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