---
title: The Maya had very accurate calendars that tracked the sun, the moon… — The Maya · tree and pragmatics
description: The Maya had very accurate calendars that tracked the sun, the moon and Venus, which helped them plan farming and festivals. Who acts: Maya, accurate calendars, Venus, sun. A sentence of the lesson «The Maya» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# The Maya, sentence 13

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The Maya had very accurate calendars that tracked the sun, the moon and Venus, which helped them plan farming and festivals.

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**Who acts:** Maya, accurate calendars, Venus, sun · **What happens:** have, track, help, plan · **To what, where:** accurate calendars, sun, farming

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Maya» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maya, accurate calendars, Venus, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:018-the-maya.lesson:13
# text = The Maya had very accurate calendars that tracked the sun, the moon and Venus, which helped them plan farming and festivals.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 018-the-maya.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Maya	Maya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	accurate	accurate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	calendars	calendar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	tracked	track	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=13:cc
15	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	plan	plan	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	festivals	festival	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the Maya | accurate calendars |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calendar=Patient |
| 2 | **track** | past | accurate calendars | the sun and the moon and Venus |  |  |  |  | vn stalk-35.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Theme |
| 3 | **help** | past | Venus | sun |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 4 | **plan** | infinitive | sun *not said here* | farming and festivals |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent farming=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:018-the-maya.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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