---
title: The Maya and Aztecs made a bitter, frothy chocolate drink from cacao… — The Maya · tree and pragmatics
description: The Maya and Aztecs made a bitter, frothy chocolate drink from cacao beans, with no sugar and sometimes with chilli, and cacao beans were even used as money. Who acts: Maya. A sentence of the lesson «The Maya» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# The Maya, sentence 17

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The Maya and Aztecs made a bitter, frothy chocolate drink from cacao beans, with no sugar and sometimes with chilli, and cacao beans were even used as money.

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**Who acts:** Maya · **What happens:** make, use · **To what, where:** bitter frothy chocolate drink, cacao beans

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Maya» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maya), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:018-the-maya.lesson:17
# text = The Maya and Aztecs made a bitter, frothy chocolate drink from cacao beans, with no sugar and sometimes with chilli, and cacao beans were even used as money.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 018-the-maya.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Maya	Maya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Aztecs	Aztec	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:conj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
7	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	frothy	frothy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	cacao	cacao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	18	det	_	_
18	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	22	advmod	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	chilli	chilli	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
25	cacao	cacao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
28	even	even	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
30	as	as	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the Maya and Aztecs | a bitter frothy chocolate drink |  | cacao beans |  | with no sugar and chilli | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent drink=Product from bean=Material |
| 2 | **use** | past · passive |  | cacao beans |  |  |  | as money | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as money=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:018-the-maya.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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