---
title: Scholars have been able to read most of their writing only since the… — The Maya · tree and pragmatics
description: Scholars have been able to read most of their writing only since the 1970s. Who acts: Scholars. A sentence of the lesson «The Maya» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Maya, sentence 2

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Scholars have been able to read most of their writing only since the 1970s.

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**Who acts:** Scholars · **What happens:** be, read, write · **To what, where:** most

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Maya» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Scholars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:018-the-maya.lesson:2
# text = Scholars have been able to read most of their writing only since the 1970s.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 018-the-maya.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Scholars	scholar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	only	only	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	since	since	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	1970s	1970s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · perfect | Scholars |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive | Scholars *not said here* | most of Scholars's writing |  |  | since the 1970s |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Topic |
| 3 | **write** |  | Scholars *= scholar* |  |  |  |  |  | nom writing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:018-the-maya.lesson:2`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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