--- title: The Aztecs believed the sun needed offerings to keep moving and made… — The Aztecs and the Inca · tree and pragmatics description: The Aztecs believed the sun needed offerings to keep moving and made human sacrifices, often of war captives, and neighbouring peoples feared and hated them for this and for their heavy tribute, the goods conquered peoples had to hand over every year. Who acts: Aztecs, sun, neighbouring peoples, con --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/19-the-aztecs-and-the-inca/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The Aztecs and the Inca](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/19-the-aztecs-and-the-inca/) / 11 # The Aztecs and the Inca, sentence 11 The Aztecs believed the sun needed offerings to keep moving and made human sacrifices, often of war captives, and neighbouring peoples feared and hated them for this and for their heavy tribute, the goods conquered peoples had to hand over every year. **Who acts:** Aztecs, sun, neighbouring peoples, conquered peoples, goods · **What happens:** believe, need, keep, move, make, fear · **To what, where:** offerings, human sacrifices, Aztecs, goods, war captives · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The Aztecs and the Inca» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aztecs, sun, neighbouring peoples, conquered peoples), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:019-the-aztecs-and-the-inca.lesson:11 # text = The Aztecs believed the sun needed offerings to keep moving and made human sacrifices, often of war captives, and neighbouring peoples feared and hated them for this and for their heavy tribute, the goods conquered peoples had to hand over every year. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 019-the-aztecs-and-the-inca.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Aztecs Aztec PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 3 believed believe VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 sun sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 needed need VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 7 offerings offering NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 8 to to PART TO _ 9 mark _ _ 9 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 advcl _ _ 10 moving move VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 9 xcomp _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 13 human human ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 sacrifices sacrifice NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 often often ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 captives captive NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:conj 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=22:punct 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 neighbouring neighbouring ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 24 feared fear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=12:conj 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 hated hate VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 27 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ _ 28 for for ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 26 obl _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 31 for for ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 33 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 tribute tribute NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 conj _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 goods goods NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 34 appos _ _ 38 conquered conquer VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 39 amod _ _ 39 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nsubj _ _ 40 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 37 acl:relcl _ _ 41 to to PART TO _ 42 mark _ _ 42 hand hand VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 xcomp _ _ 43 over over ADP RP _ 42 compound:prt _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=42:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 44 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 45 det _ _ 45 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=40:obl:unmarked 46 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **believe** | past | the Aztecs | | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 2 | **need** | past | the sun | offerings | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot offering=Theme | | 3 | **keep** | to-infinitive | the sun *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **move** | gerund | the sun *not said here* | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **make** | past | the Aztecs *not said here* | human sacrifices of war captives | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sacrifice=Product | | 6 | **fear** | past | neighbouring peoples | | | | | | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 7 | **hate** | past | neighbouring peoples *not said here* | Aztecs *= aztec* | | | | for this | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus for this=Attribute | | 8 | **conquer** | participle | | | | | | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **have** | past | conquered peoples | the goods *not said here* | | | | | tree rules | | 10 | **hand over** | to-infinitive | the goods *not said here* | | | | year | | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 11 | **sacrifice** | | | war captives | | | | | nom sacrifice «act transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:019-the-aztecs-and-the-inca.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Aztecs and the Inca, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/19-the-aztecs-and-the-inca/10/) - next →: [The Aztecs and the Inca, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/19-the-aztecs-and-the-inca/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/19-the-aztecs-and-the-inca/)