---
title: The Inca built about 40,000 kilometres of roads with rope bridges ov… — The Aztecs and the Inca · tree and pragmatics
description: The Inca built about 40,000 kilometres of roads with rope bridges over gorges, and relay runners carried messages very fast. Who acts: Inca, relay runners. A sentence of the lesson «The Aztecs and the Inca» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# The Aztecs and the Inca, sentence 15

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The Inca built about 40,000 kilometres of roads with rope bridges over gorges, and relay runners carried messages very fast.

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**Who acts:** Inca, relay runners · **What happens:** build, carry · **To what, where:** 40,000 kilometres, messages

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Aztecs and the Inca» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Inca, relay runners), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:019-the-aztecs-and-the-inca.lesson:15
# text = The Inca built about 40,000 kilometres of roads with rope bridges over gorges, and relay runners carried messages very fast.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 019-the-aztecs-and-the-inca.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Inca	Inca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	40,000	40000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:obl:unmarked
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	bridges	bridge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	over	over	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	gorges	gorge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	relay	relay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
19	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
20	very	very	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	fast	fast	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | the Inca | 40,000 kilometres of roads with rope bridges over gorges |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilometre=Product |
| 2 | **carry** | past | relay runners | messages |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:019-the-aztecs-and-the-inca.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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