---
title: Machu Picchu is an Inca town high on a mountain ridge, built of ston… — The Aztecs and the Inca · tree and pragmatics
description: Machu Picchu is an Inca town high on a mountain ridge, built of stones fitted so tightly that a knife blade cannot slip between them; the Spanish never found it, and it became world famous in 1911, though local people always knew it. Who acts: Machu, knife blade, blade, local people. A sentence of t
---

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# The Aztecs and the Inca, sentence 17

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Machu Picchu is an Inca town high on a mountain ridge, built of stones fitted so tightly that a knife blade cannot slip between them; the Spanish never found it, and it became world famous in 1911, though local people always knew it.

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**Who acts:** Machu, knife blade, blade, local people · **What happens:** be, build, fit, not slip, not find, become · **To what, where:** Inca town, stones, blade, 1911

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Aztecs and the Inca» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Machu, knife blade, blade, local people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:019-the-aztecs-and-the-inca.lesson:17
# text = Machu Picchu is an Inca town high on a mountain ridge, built of stones fitted so tightly that a knife blade cannot slip between them; the Spanish never found it, and it became world famous in 1911, though local people always knew it.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 019-the-aztecs-and-the-inca.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Machu	Machu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Picchu	Picchu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Inca	Inca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:Degree=Pos
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	ridge	ridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
16	fitted	fit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:xcomp
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	tightly	tightly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	advmod	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
23	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
25	slip	slip	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
26	between	between	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	_
28	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
31	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	32	advmod	_	_
32	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	conj	_	_
33	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obj	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
37	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
38	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	advmod	_	_
39	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	xcomp	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	1911	1911	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	37	obl	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
43	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	47	mark	_	_
44	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	nsubj	_	_
46	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	47	advmod	_	_
47	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=37:conj
48	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	obj	_	_
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Machu | a Inca town |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **build** | participle |  | a Inca town *not said here* |  |  |  | of stones | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **fit** | participle |  | stones *not said here* |  |  |  | tightly *property* | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **slip** | can | a knife blade |  |  |  |  | between stones *= stone* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 5 | **not** **find** | past | Machu *not said here* | blade |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 6 | **become** | past | blade |  |  |  |  | in 1911 *result*; famous *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1911=Result |
| 7 | **know** | past | local people | blade |  |  |  | always *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:019-the-aztecs-and-the-inca.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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