---
title: A civil war and smallpox had already weakened the Inca, and Spain to… — The Aztecs and the Inca · tree and pragmatics
description: A civil war and smallpox had already weakened the Inca, and Spain took over their empire. Who acts: civil war, Spain. A sentence of the lesson «The Aztecs and the Inca» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Aztecs and the Inca, sentence 20

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A civil war and smallpox had already weakened the Inca, and Spain took over their empire.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** civil war, Spain · **What happens:** weaken, take over · **To what, where:** Inca, empire

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Aztecs and the Inca» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (civil war, Spain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:019-the-aztecs-and-the-inca.lesson:20
# text = A civil war and smallpox had already weakened the Inca, and Spain took over their empire.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 019-the-aztecs-and-the-inca.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	civil	civil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	smallpox	smallpox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	already	already	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	weakened	weaken	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Inca	Inca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
15	over	over	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weaken** | past · perfect | a civil war and smallpox | the Inca |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent inca=Patient |
| 2 | **take over** | past | Spain | war's empire |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent empire=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:019-the-aztecs-and-the-inca.lesson:20`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

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