---
title: Stonehenge in England is a great circle of huge stones raised about… — The first farms and towns · tree and pragmatics
description: Stonehenge in England is a great circle of huge stones raised about 4,500 years ago by farming people using ropes, sledges and wooden rollers. Who acts: Stonehenge, people. A sentence of the lesson «The first farms and towns» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree an
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/2-the-first-farms-and-towns/15/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The first farms and towns](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/2-the-first-farms-and-towns/) / 15

# The first farms and towns, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stonehenge in England is a great circle of huge stones raised about 4,500 years ago by farming people using ropes, sledges and wooden rollers.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Stonehenge, people · **What happens:** be, raise, farm, use · **To what, where:** great circle, huge stones, people, ropes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The first farms and towns» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stonehenge, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:002-the-first-farms-and-towns.lesson:15
# text = Stonehenge in England is a great circle of huge stones raised about 4,500 years ago by farming people using ropes, sledges and wooden rollers.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 002-the-first-farms-and-towns.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2
1	Stonehenge	Stonehenge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	about	about	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	4,500	4,500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl:unmarked	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:obl:unmarked
15	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:advmod
16	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	farming	farm	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
20	ropes	rope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	sledges	sledge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	rollers	roller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Stonehenge in England | a great circle |  |  |  | of huge stones | tree rules |
| 2 | **raise** | participle |  | huge stones *not said here* |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **farm** | gerund |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |
| 4 | **use** | gerund | people *not said here* | ropes and sledges and wooden rollers |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rope=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:002-the-first-farms-and-towns.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [The first farms and towns, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/2-the-first-farms-and-towns/14/)
- next →: [The first farms and towns, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/2-the-first-farms-and-towns/16/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/2-the-first-farms-and-towns/)