--- title: People later called them a gap in the middle, but they built cathedr… — The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings · tree and pragmatics description: People later called them a gap in the middle, but they built cathedrals, universities and new inventions, so they were not just dark and stupid. Who acts: People, Ages. A sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/) / 1 # The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, sentence 1 People later called them a gap in the middle, but they built cathedrals, universities and new inventions, so they were not just dark and stupid. **Who acts:** People, Ages · **What happens:** call, build, not be, be · **To what, where:** Ages, cathedrals · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, Ages), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:1 # text = People later called them a gap in the middle, but they built cathedrals, universities and new inventions, so they were not just dark and stupid. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 People people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 3 advmod _ _ 3 called call VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obj _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 gap gap NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 xcomp _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 middle middle NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 11 but but CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:nsubj 13 built build VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 14 cathedrals cathedral NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 universities university NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 18 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 inventions invention NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 21 so so ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 22 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 23 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 24 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 26 advmod _ _ 25 just just ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 conj _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 stupid stupid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 conj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: changed polarity=pos | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **call** | past | People | Ages *= age* | | | | late *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | | 2 | **build** | past | Ages *= age* | cathedrals and universities and new inventions | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cathedral=Product | | 3 | **not** **is** | past | Ages *= age* | | | | | dark *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **be** | | Ages *= age* *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/0/) - next →: [The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/)