--- title: Vikings settled Iceland and Greenland, and Iceland's Althing, founde… — The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings · tree and pragmatics description: Vikings settled Iceland and Greenland, and Iceland's Althing, founded in 930, is one of the oldest parliaments still working. Who acts: Vikings, Althing, oldest parliaments. A sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/) / 15 # The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, sentence 15 Vikings settled Iceland and Greenland, and Iceland's Althing, founded in 930, is one of the oldest parliaments still working. **Who acts:** Vikings, Althing, oldest parliaments · **What happens:** settle, found, be, work · **To what, where:** Iceland, Althing, 930, one This is a sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vikings, Althing, oldest parliaments), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:15 # text = Vikings settled Iceland and Greenland, and Iceland's Althing, founded in 930, is one of the oldest parliaments still working. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Vikings viking PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 2 settled settle VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 Iceland Iceland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 Greenland Greenland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 8 Iceland Iceland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nmod:poss _ _ 9 's 's PART POS _ 8 case _ _ 10 Althing Althing PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 founded found VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 acl _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 930 930 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 17 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 2 conj _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 oldest old ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 21 amod _ _ 21 parliaments parliament NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nmod _ _ 22 still still ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 23 working work VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 21 acl _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **settle** | past | Vikings | Iceland and Greenland | | | | | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme iceland=Location | | 2 | **found** | participle | | Iceland's Althing *not said here* | | 930 | | | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is a** | present | Iceland's Althing | one | | | | of the oldest parliaments | tree rules | | 4 | **work** | gerund | the oldest parliaments *not said here* | | | | still | | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/14/) - next →: [The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/)