--- title: Norse traders from Sweden travelled down the rivers of eastern Europ… — The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings · tree and pragmatics description: Norse traders from Sweden travelled down the rivers of eastern Europe, traded with Constantinople and Baghdad, and took part in founding the state of Kyivan Rus; historians still argue about how big their part was. Who acts: Norse traders, historians, part. A sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/) / 17 # The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, sentence 17 Norse traders from Sweden travelled down the rivers of eastern Europe, traded with Constantinople and Baghdad, and took part in founding the state of Kyivan Rus; historians still argue about how big their part was. **Who acts:** Norse traders, historians, part · **What happens:** travel, trade, take, found, argue, be · **To what, where:** rivers, part, state This is a sentence of the lesson «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Norse traders, historians, part), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:17 # text = Norse traders from Sweden travelled down the rivers of eastern Europe, traded with Constantinople and Baghdad, and took part in founding the state of Kyivan Rus; historians still argue about how big their part was. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Norse norse ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 traders trader NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Sweden Sweden PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 travelled travel VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 down down ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 rivers river NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 eastern eastern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 traded trade VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 14 with with ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 Baghdad Baghdad PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 conj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 21 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 22 in in SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 23 founding found VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 20 advcl _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 Kyivan Kyivan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 28 Rus Rus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 flat _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 historians historian NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 31 still still ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 32 argue argue VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 33 about about ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 35 advmod _ _ 35 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 obl _ _ 36 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _ 38 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 cop _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **travel** | past | Norse traders from Sweden | | | the rivers of eastern Europe | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme down river=Trajectory | | 2 | **trade** | past | | | | | | with Constantinople and Baghdad | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with constantinople=Co-Agent | | 3 | **take** | past | | part | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme | | 4 | **found** | gerund | | the state of Kyivan | | | | | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent state=Patient | | 5 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present | historians | | | | still | | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is** | past | historians's part | | | | | big *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:020-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/16/) - next →: [The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/)